重庆市巴蜀中学新高考英语语法三轮冲刺省略句考点总结（含例题与解析）

2021届巴蜀中学新高考英语语法三轮冲刺讲义 省略句考点总结（含例题与解析）
英语中有时为了避免重复，使语言简练紧凑，在不损害句子结构的前提下，往往省去一个或多个句子成分，这种语法现象被称为省略。

★ 简单句中的省略 ★ 简单句中可以省略主语、谓语、主语和谓语的一部分、宾语等。

例如：
(I) Beg your pardon.  (Do you) Have a good time in Beijing?  ★ 不定式to后省略动词 ★ 省略不定式后的动词，保留不定式符号to。

注意：若承前省略的不定式内容是be或作助动词的have时，保留be或have。  例如：
He didn’t come, though we had invited him to. — Are you a teacher?   — No, but I used to be.    ★ 定语从句中的省略 ★ 当关系代词that, which等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，关系代词可以省略；
in which或that在先行词way后时可以省略。

例如：
This is the present (that / which) my mother gave me for my birthday. I don’t like the way (in which / that) you stare at me when I am eating. ★ 状语从句中的省略 ★ 在when, while, if, as if, though(或although), as等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语及be动词。

例如：
When walking along the river, I saw several white birds on the surface of the water.  即时操练 将下列句子改为省略句。

1. — Is Michael coming back tomorrow?  — I guess he is coming back tomorrow.                                          2. — Amy, would you like to have some orange juice? — Yes, I’d like to have some orange juice.  3. Peter left the room in a hurry as if he was angry.                                          4. Two people were killed and more were injured in the accident.                                          5. If they had set off earlier, they would have caught the first train.                                         6. My cousin said he would go to London and his parents would go to London as well.                                          7. Betty wanted to buy an iPhone X for her mother, but her mother didn’t allow her to buy an iPhone X.                                         8. This coat which I bought online is cheaper than that one, but it is not as good in terms of quality as that one.                                         key：
1. — Is Michael coming back tomorrow?  — I guess so. 2. — Amy, would you like to have some orange juice? —Yes, I’d like to.  3. Peter left the room in a hurry as if angry.  4. Two people were killed and more injured in the accident.  5. Had they set off earlier, they would have caught the first train.  6. My cousin said he would go to London, and so would his parents. 7. Betty wanted to buy an iPhone X for her mother, but her mother didn’t allow her to. 8. This coat I bought online is cheaper than that one, but not as good in terms of quality as that one. ★真题巩固 ★ 1.It could be anything — gardening, cooking, music, sports — but whatever it is,       (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 2.Always     (keep) in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly. 3.If       (accept)for the job, you’ll be informed soon. 4.Video games can be a poor influence if      (leave) in the wrong hands. 5.The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely,     ever, reaching 30℃ in summer. 6.—I spent two weeks in London last summer. —Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay,       you? 7.      (observe)carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab. 8. Every day      (read)a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized. 参考答案 1. It could be anything — gardening, cooking, music, sports — but whatever it is,  make     (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 分析句子结构可知，but连接两个并列分句。其中第二个分句中，whatever引导让步状语从句，其后为祈使句充当主句。故填make。

2.Always  keep    (keep) in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly. 句意：时刻谨记你的主要任务是让这家公司顺利地运营。这是一个祈使句，应用动词原形。

3.If  accepted   (accept)for the job, you’ll be informed soon.  句意：如果你被录用干这份工作的话，你会很快被通知到的。条件状语从句的主语为you，accept和you为动宾关系，需要用被动语态，当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句谓语部分有be动词时，状语从句的主语和be动词可以省略，补充完整为If you are accepted for the job。

4.Videogames can be a poor influence if  left    (leave) in the wrong hands. 句意：电子游戏如果使用不当就会产生不良影响。leave与其逻辑主语Video games之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词。if left...是状语从句的省略形式。

5.The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely,    if    ever, reaching 30℃ in summer. 本句的前半句提到此地的气候非常宜人，由此可知“即使曾经发生过(if ever)“，夏天达到30摄氏度的情况也很少出现。

6.—I spent two weeks in London last summer. —Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay,  didn＇t    you? must have done的反意疑问句中助动词既可以用have也可以用过去式形式，但是如果语境中出现了明确的过去时间状语则只能用过去式形式，本题中出现了last summer，during your stay,因此只能用didn＇t。

7. Observe    (observe) carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab. 句意：在实验室做实验时一定要认真观察是否有任何变化发生。分析句子结构可知，carefully if any changeoccurs为主句，应用祈使句。

8.Every day  read    (read)a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized. 句意：每天大声朗读一句谚语几遍，直到你把它记住。题干中until引导时间状语从句，那么until前的部分为一个完整的句子，结合主句本身的结构可知该主句为祈使句。